# Running Application Tests

This is the quick-start to CodeIgniter testing. Its intent is to describe what
it takes to set up your application and get it ready to run unit tests. It is
not intended to be a full description of the test features that you can use to
test your application. Those details can be found in the documentation.

## Resources

- [CodeIgniter 4 User Guide on Testing](https://codeigniter4.github.io/userguide/testing/index.html)
- [PHPUnit docs](https://phpunit.de/documentation.html)
- [Any tutorials on Unit testing in CI4?](https://forum.codeigniter.com/showthread.php?tid=81830)

## Requirements

It is recommended to use the latest version of PHPUnit. At the time of this
writing we are running version 9.x. Support for this has been built into the
**composer.json** file that ships with CodeIgniter and can easily be installed
via [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/) if you don't already have it installed
globally.

```console
> composer install
```

If running under macOS or Linux, you can create a symbolic link to make running
tests a touch nicer.

```console
> ln -s ./vendor/bin/phpunit ./phpunit
```

You also need to install [XDebug](https://xdebug.org/docs/install) in order for
code coverage to be calculated successfully. After installing `XDebug`, you must
add `xdebug.mode=coverage` in the **php.ini** file to enable code coverage.

## Setting Up

A number of the tests use a running database. In order to set up the database
edit the details for the `tests` group in **app/Config/Database.php** or
**phpunit.xml**. Make sure that you provide a database engine that is currently
running on your machine. More details on a test database setup are in the
[Testing Your Database](https://codeigniter4.github.io/userguide/testing/database.html)
section of the documentation.

## Running the tests

The entire test suite can be run by simply typing one command-line command from
the main directory.

```console
> ./phpunit
```

If you are using Windows, use the following command.

```console
> vendor\bin\phpunit
```

You can limit tests to those within a single test directory by specifying the
directory name after phpunit.

```console
> ./phpunit app/Models
```

## Generating Code Coverage

To generate coverage information, including HTML reports you can view in your
browser, you can use the following command:

```console
> ./phpunit --colors --coverage-text=tests/coverage.txt --coverage-html=tests/coverage/ -d memory_limit=1024m
```

This runs all of the tests again collecting information about how many lines,
functions, and files are tested. It also reports the percentage of the code that
is covered by tests. It is collected in two formats: a simple text file that
provides an overview as well as a comprehensive collection of HTML files that
show the status of every line of code in the project.

The text file can be found at **tests/coverage.txt**. The HTML files can be
viewed by opening **tests/coverage/index.html** in your favorite browser.

## PHPUnit XML Configuration

The repository has a `phpunit.xml.dist` file in the project root that's used for
PHPUnit configuration. This is used to provide a default configuration if you do
not have your own configuration file in the project root.

The normal practice would be to copy `phpunit.xml.dist` to `phpunit.xml` (which
is git ignored), and to tailor it as you see fit. For instance, you might wish
to exclude database tests, or automatically generate HTML code coverage reports.

## Test Cases

Every test needs a _test case_, or class that your tests extend. CodeIgniter 4
provides a few that you may use directly:

- `CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase` - for basic tests with no other service
  needs
- `CodeIgniter\Test\DatabaseTestTrait` - for tests that need database access

Most of the time you will want to write your own test cases to hold functions
and services common to your test suites.

## Creating Tests

All tests go in the **tests/** directory. Each test file is a class that extends
a **Test Case** (see above) and contains methods for the individual tests. These
method names must start with the word "test" and should have descriptive names
for precisely what they are testing: `testUserCanModifyFile()`
`testOutputColorMatchesInput()` `testIsLoggedInFailsWithInvalidUser()`

Writing tests is an art, and there are many resources available to help learn
how. Review the links above and always pay attention to your code coverage.

### Database Tests

Tests can include migrating, seeding, and testing against a mock or
live<sup>1</sup> database. Be sure to modify the test case (or create your own)
to point to your seed and migrations and include any additional steps to be run
before tests in the `setUp()` method.

<sup>1</sup> Note: If you are using database tests that require a live database
connection you will need to rename **phpunit.xml.dist** to **phpunit.xml**,
uncomment the database configuration lines and add your connection details.
Prevent **phpunit.xml** from being tracked in your repo by adding it to
**.gitignore**.
